International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research
Rethinking TQM in Higher Education: Integrating Formal Education and Experiential (Tacit) Learning for Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Paper Based on Multiple Theories
Grounded in Total Quality Management (TQM), Human Capital Theory, Constructivist Learning Theory, Experiential Learning Theory, Deliberate Practice Theory, and Tacit Knowledge Integration, this conceptual paper develops an integrated mediation–moderation framework to resolve this structural tension. We theorize that formal education and experiential learning jointly drive sustainable development outcomes through the dual mediating mechanisms of competency development and knowledge integration. Furthermore, internal institutional support (operationalized through agile TQM governance and continuous improvement) and external industry/community linkages are established as key moderating conditions that strengthen these pathways. Moving beyond conventional quality assurance focused solely on explicit compliance, this paper introduces a closed-loop, TQM-based curriculum design model (Plan–Do–Check–Act) that systematically bridges the divide between "knowing" and "doing." The proposed framework advances Higher Education for Sustainable Development (HESD) literature by offering a holistic, multi-theoretical foundation and provides actionable strategies for institutional leaders, curriculum developers, and policymakers seeking to build adaptive, quality-governed educational ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PROTO-ACCOUNTING ONTOLOGIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE CYBERNETICS IN THE ARTHASHASTRA: INTEGRATING CLASSICAL INDIC FISCAL RATIONALITIES INTO MODERN GOVERNANCE AND CONTROL PARADIGMS
The intellectual genealogy of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) may be more precisely theorized as a civilizationally sedimented, poly-epistemic superstructure, characterized by dense intertextuality and systemic integration of politico-administrative rationalities, normative jurisprudence, economic logics, and governance ontologies. Functioning as a metatheoretical scaffold, it orchestrates a synthesis of prescriptive and descriptive knowledge regimes that transcend reductive disciplinary compartmentalization. Within this epistemic continuum, the Arthashastra, attributed to Kautilya, constitutes a seminal and architectonic treatise that codifies an intricately stratified and procedurally deterministic framework of statecraft, fiscal governance, and administrative cybernetics. Notwithstanding the expansive historiography on the evolution of accounting and financial administration, dominant scholarly paradigms remain entrenched within Eurocentric teleologies, thereby engendering a persistent epistemic marginalization of the rigorously formalized fiscal doctrines embedded within classical Indic state theory. The present investigation mobilizes an advanced hermeneutic-phenomenological exegesis, supplemented by a diachronic and cross-institutional comparative analytics, to excavate, decode, and systematically juxtapose the financial-administrative architectures articulated in the Arthashastra with the normative infrastructures and control logics underpinning contemporary corporate governance ecosystems and accounting regulatory frameworks. The analytical reconstruction demonstrates that the text articulates a highly granular, algorithmically oriented, and procedurally recursive schema encompassing treasury sovereignty, revenue extraction and optimization matrices, bureaucratic surveillance regimes, audit-centric accountability mechanisms, and anti-corruption compliance architectures. These components exhibit pronounced structural homologies and functional isomorphisms with the core axiomatic principles governing modern financial oversight systems, including internal control frameworks, risk governance protocols, and fiduciary assurance mechanisms. By reinscribing these indigenous epistemic formations into the contemporary discursive matrix of accounting theory and governance studies, the study advances a substantively interventionist thesis: that Indian Knowledge Systems represent a profoundly under-theorized yet conceptually fecund reservoir for epistemic recalibration and paradigmatic reconstitution of prevailing doctrines concerning transparency, fiduciary obligation, regulatory integrity, and institutional accountability. Consequently, this engagement not only problematizes the hegemony of Western-centric epistemologies but also foregrounds the potential for a pluriversal reconfiguration of global accounting thought, wherein premodern Indic fiscal rationalities are revalorized as analytically robust and normatively salient contributors to the evolution of modern economic governance architectures.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Study of Performance of Public and Private Sector Banks in India
The banking industry plays a vital role in fostering balanced regional growth by ensuring the availability of financial resources and banking infrastructure across different parts of the country, including economically underdeveloped regions. It supports the primary sector by extending timely credit facilities to farmers and contributes to improving the quality of life by providing financial assistance for housing, consumer durables, electronic appliances, and other personal needs. Since the banking sector significantly influences the overall economic progress of the nation, evaluating its financial performance is essential. Strong banking performance contributes to economic stability and sustainable growth. In this context, the present study examines the financial performance of selected public and private sector banks operating in India over a five-year period from 2015–16 to 2019–20. The analysis compares the performance of these banks using six key financial indicators. The findings suggest that the financial performance of the selected public and private sector banks was significantly different across five of the six financial indicators examined. The only exception was the Return on Assets ratio, where both groups demonstrated similar performance.
Customer Relationship Management Practices and Customer Loyalty in Indian Banking: A Comparative Empirical Study of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks
This paper studies the impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices on customer loyalty in the Indian Banking sector and examines the customer perceptions of selected Public and Private Banks in India. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative, cross-sectional survey methodology with a structured questionnaire. 350 customer responses, split equally between Public and Private banking sector customers, formed the analytical dataset. The twelve CRM practices were evaluated using a Likert scale with the following dimensions; communication and engagement of staff, promptness of service, handling of complaints, trust and transparency, digital services, privacy of customer data and protection, and feedback. Customer loyalty was evaluated using the following six dimensions: satisfaction, trust, intent to continue/repurchase, recommendation, and preference. The following statistical methods were employed: descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha, Welch independent-sample t-test, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. Findings: The CRM scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.847). Loyalty scale consistency was acceptable (alpha = 0.703). Customers of Private Banks demonstrated greater CRM perceptions (M = 3.80) and greater loyalty (M = 4.05), than customers of Public Banks. Public/Private Bank differences were statistically significant for CRM and loyalty. CRM was moderately and positively correlated with loyalty (CRM explained 27% of loyalty). Originality/value: This study provides an empirical analysis of the CRM-loyalty relationships for Indian Banking and outlines actionable CRM related recommendations for Public and Private Indian Banks.
Evaluating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Financial Integration within India’s FinTech Ecosystem
Using a quantitative methodology and structured surveys aimed at industry professionals, the study examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) affects financial integration within Indian FinTech organisations. The results demonstrate a high positive connection among the adoption of AI and financial integration; an R2 value of 0.805 implies that AI adoption contributes to 80.5% of the variance in financial integration. Furthermore, it was discovered that the use of AI cut the expenses associated with financial services, as shown by a beta coefficient of 0.638 and an R2 value of 0.407. Operational costs also fell, as shown by a regression weight of 0.439 and a beta coefficient of 0.193. The study also shows that AI-based financial integration has a favourable effect on consumer satisfaction, with a beta coefficient of 0.110 and an R2 value of 0.332. The study includes data from 268 respondents from various FinTech sectors in key Indian cities and uses regression analysis to validate the hypothesis. The study's findings underscore the importance of AI in improving financial integration, operational efficiency, and customer experience in India's expanding FinTech scene, laying the groundwork for future research and policy recommendations in the industry. Ethical issues, including informed consent and confidentiality, were scrupulously followed throughout the research process.
Institutional Configurations of Commerce Education in India: Mapping Locations, Roles, and Contributions within the Higher Education System
Commerce education holds a focal and growing place in the Indian higher education system in terms of enrolment and also the high level of association with the economic and professional sphere. Recent surveys have shown that commerce and management studies combined take up a high percentage of student admissions, with commerce alone accounting for a large number of undergraduate (UG) and post-graduate students across diverse institutional settings. It is in this context that this study examines the institutional configurations of commerce education in India through a systematic analysis of its structural locations, functional roles and systemic contributions in the broader higher education ecosystem. Adopting a system-level perspective and based on institutional analysis models, this study develops a three-layered analytical model: institutional locations, functional roles, and systemic contributions. This model is applied to map commerce education among universities, affiliated as well as autonomous colleges, private institutions, open and distance learning systems and profession-related ecosystems. The study shows that commerce education is highly dispersed in institutions and functionally differentiated, where affiliated colleges constitute the mass provision of UG programs of study, universities provide academic rigour and research, and the private and autonomous institutions focus on employability and professional integration. The study also shows that commerce education serves as a professional discipline, a gateway to employment, and a tool of socio-economic mobility. Nonetheless, it identifies key structural challenges, such as fragmentation between academic and professional streams, quality disparities, curriculum-practice misalignment, and weak research orientation. To address these challenges, this study proposes a coherent and coordinated policy direction, especially in the context of National Education Policy 2020, in strengthening institutional differentiation, increasing curricular innovation and quality assurance. The study concludes that commerce education should be recognised as a systemically important domain, which should be given continuous policy attention in helping India to further its economic and social growth.
Bibliometric Analysis of Income Tax Compliance Research: Taxpayer Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behaviors
This paper presents a detailed bibliometric analysis of income tax compliance literature, focusing on taxpayers' attitudes, perceptions, and behavioral intentions. Analyzing exactly 432 articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2006 to early 2026, the study examines publication trends, leading authors, institutional affiliations, geographic distributions, core research areas, citation patterns, and author keyword overlaps. Results indicate a steadily growing academic output in this field, with a notable concentration of the literature originating in the United States. Business Economics clearly emerges as the primary research focus. Additionally, scholars like James Alm and Erich Kirchler are identified as highly prolific contributors. Furthermore, keyword co-occurrence mapping highlights the central themes of tax compliance, tax morale, trust, and taxpayer behavior, providing a nuanced understanding of how this vital research area was intellectually organized and developed over the past two decades.
Trade Dimensions between Malaysia and the G7 Countries: An Exploratory Analysis
The paper discussed the trade dimensions between Malaysia and the G7 countries. It was found that Malaysia had a trade surplus with the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), and Japan from 2015 to 2024. However, a trade deficit with Italy, and France (except 2022) was found during the same time. Malaysia has a trade deficit with Canada during 2022-23., with Germany during 2015-16, and 2023-24., but has a trade surplus during the other periods. The USA and Japan are the largest trade partners of Malaysia among the G7 member countries. Malaysia has more intense trade with Japan and the USA, with lower trade with Italy and France. Malaysia has a higher Trade Complementary Index with the USA, and Japan. Malaysia has a lower Trade Complementary Index with Canada. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index of Malaysia is low compared to the G7 countries. This study presents a novel approach of using regression analysis to integrate several key trade dimentsions between developing ad developed nations.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Financial Leverage on the Profitability of Reliance Industries Ltd. among BSE-30 Companies
Oil and gas industry is among the eight core industries in India and has a crucial role to play towards affecting the general economic growth of the nation. In the current study, the independent variable will be financial leverage, and dependent variables will be the Net Profit Ratio (NPR), Earnings per share (EPS), Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA). The research is premised on secondary data that would rely on the annual consolidated financial statements of Reliance Industries Ltd in a span of five years between 2020-21 and 2024-25. The correlation analysis is used in order to examine the relationship between financial leverage and profitability, and the linear regression analysis is used to examine the influence of financial leverage on the profitability indicators. The results indicate that financial leverage is not significantly related to EPS and is significantly positively related to NPR, ROE, and ROA. Nevertheless, the outcome of the regression analysis shows that the financial leverage is not statistically significant to the overall profitability of Reliance Industries Ltd in the study period with an exception of ROE. The research concludes that financial leverage does not play a significant role in the overall profitability of Reliance Industries Ltd. over the period of study. It means that there is no change in the levels of leverage that has a consistent impact on all levels of profitability. So, it is important to have an optimal capital structure in order to maximize the return to shareholders without raising the financial risk.
Redefining Banking in the Digital Age: An Analytical Study on AI-Driven Transformation in India
Since 2010, there has been a shift in Indian banking practices – from traditional brick-and-mortar banking to a digital transformation. The existing research suggests that banking is now more cost-effective thanks to digitalization, which has saved time, money, and labour. This paper examines the transformation of the Indian banking system since 2010, focusing on technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine learning, and on how customer experience has been improved through payment modes such as UPI and through chatbots. With a focus on digitalization and the effects of regulations, consumer adoption, and technological disruption, this paper presents the evolution that occurred and discusses the challenges that require policy actions, innovations, and ethical governance. A number of suggestions are given to policymakers, regulators, and institutions so that growth continues to be sustainable, inclusive, and secure.
Sustainable tourism practices in India; a Sociological case study
The healthy tourism practices in country brings economic empowerment in the state and nation, which helps in building wealth. Talking about India, tourism plays a very important role by bringing fiscal credit and opens up various employment opportunities. India is known for its rich culture and customs, great legacy and exiting festivals, which pours an added advantage for generating income and helps growing GDP. It could be said that if this industry is managed properly, it will contribute towards the strengthening of the nation and its relation with the other countries. Hence, the question of sustainability arrives. For India’s tourism industry, it is very significant to maintain and preserve the cultural and environmental legacy. The initiatives to support conservation practices, community involvement are becoming widespread due to the increasing awareness among people. The sustainable practices should be such which should have balance between the economic growth and social responsibilities. The social and environmental obligations are the key to ensure a sustainable future for tourism industry of the country, which will gradually benefit locals and visitors. Hence, the concept of sustainable development in the tourism industry is related to each other. The author has outlined the benefits and drawbacks of tourism while analyzing various factors like social, cultural and ecological aspects.
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA ANALYTICS IN FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: EMERGING TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Analytics are transforming forensic accounting by improving the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of fraud detection and investigation. This study explores how AI-driven technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and robotic process automation are improving the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic accounting practices. It adopts a qualitative and descriptive research design based on secondary data from scholarly articles, institutional reports and professional publications published between 2016 and 2025. The findings reveal that AI and analytics enable proactive risk identification, real-time fraud monitoring and improved decision-making, thereby shifting forensic accounting from reactive auditing to predictive and continuous auditing frameworks. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias and skill shortages limit widespread adoption, particularly in developing economies. The study concludes that the effective use of AI strengthens fraud detection, improves corporate governance, and increases transparency. It also recommends capacity building, the development of ethical frameworks and collaborative research to support sustainable adoption of technology at the global level.
THE FMCG FACE OFF: COMPARING PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY OF INIDA’S LEADING COMPANIES
This study examines the profitability and liquidity dynamics of five significant Indian FMCG companies: Britannia Industries, Nestle India, Varun Beverages, ITC, and Hindustan Unilever Ltd. It tests for variances in financial performance using a one-way ANOVA. Quick Ratio, Current Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Gross Profit Ratio, and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) are used for the analysis of profitability and liquidity. Since the results demonstrated statistically significant variations in the current ratio and profitability indicators among the selected businesses, the null hypothesis for these variables is rejected. However, there was no appreciable change in the quick ratio. The findings show that short-term liquidity management (aside from inventory) is largely the same across organisations, despite differences in working capital management, pricing strategies, and operational efficiency.
Dr. Avani Gautambhai Jani Dr. Avani Gautambhai Jani
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FIBRE TO HOME SERVICES OFFERED BY AIRTEL AND RELIANCE Jio
In India, Internet services have evolved through time, from slow dial-up connections to rapid optical fiber connections. When various telecom operators' services, such as broadband and mobile telephony, were first introduced and customer adoption was high, most retail rivalries focused on gaining new customers and switchers. As these services have evolved and used, recruiting entirely new clients has become less vital unless and until they discover some further extra benefits in the product or services. In this research paper, the author is going to investigate the Internet service provider market in terms of fixed-line, specifically optical fiber network, product, price, and competition, such as Reliance Jio and Airtel network for the newly introduced Reliance "GigaFiber" & Airtel "Xstream," as well as customer satisfaction for the new services, using a set of questionnaires that is to be distributed via various social media and other means to determine if Reliance can repeat the previous success.
ADOPTION AND USAGE FREQUENCY OF DIGITAL BANKING SERVICES AMONG URBAN CONSUMERS IN GUJARAT
The evolution of digital technology has significantly redefined the banking scenario in India, making e-banking an essential service channel for customers. This study examines the utilization of e-banking services among 640 customers from four major cities in Gujarat, covering both public and private sector banks. The research evaluates consumer usage behavior across eight key online services, including mobile recharge, utility bill payments, online ticket booking, shopping, money transfer, and investment activities. The mode of access, number of bank accounts, and perceived security of e-banking services are also analyzed to determine the level of digital banking adoption. The findings indicate that services such as mobile recharge, electricity bill payments, money transfers, and online shopping are widely used, particularly through mobile-based platforms. However, lower engagement is noted for telephone bill payments and air ticket bookings, primarily due to limited requirements or lack of awareness. Private sector bank customers display a higher inclination toward e-banking utilization compared to those of public sector banks. Despite the growing reliance on digital transactions, nearly one-third of respondents still perceive e-banking as insecure, indicating a need for enhanced digital security measures and awareness programs. The study concludes that while e-banking adoption in Gujarat shows promising progress, further improvements in technological support, customer education, and trust-building initiatives are necessary to enhance user experience and promote inclusive digital banking growth.
Impact of Climate Change on Economic Vulnerability in Thailand: A Socio-Economic-Environmental Study
The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of climate change on Thailand's economic status, focusing on Thailand's tourism industry. Thailand has also also been identified as being extremely vulnerable to climate-related changes, and impacts, and the natural resources of Thailand support economies for the people who live there and beyond Thailand. Weather conditions in the encourage tourists to visit. Significant factors of the affecting tourism, include, but are not limited to, temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, air quality, pattern of winds, and humidity. Additionally, the ability for visitors to be safe and have easy access for the dual conditions under which Thailand can benefit from increasing tourism. As a result, the unique combination of socio-economic, environmental, and political factors put Thailand in a precarious situation regarding the impacts of climate change. The consequences of climate change in Thailand have changed hoe human will now experience the impacts of global climate change. The impacts for accelerated rising sea levels and increasing extreme heat on coastal areas such as Bangkok are threatening to destroy all elements of the economy of Thailand. The government has to develop and implement a strong strategy to mitigate the impacts of climate change and contribute to preventing any further harm to the economy of Thailand, or risk suffering the consequences of multiple significant climate related disasters at this time.
Systematic Literature Review on School Refusal Behaviour
School refusal behavior (SRB) is when a child doesn't want to go to school because they are upset, not because they are skipping school. This affects 1-5% of school-aged children and makes it hard for them to do well in school and stay mentally healthy. This paper reviews existing research and synthesizes evidence from 25 high-quality studies, utilizing PRISMA guidelines to ascertain prevalence, risk factors, interventions, and outcomes. The main findings show that anxiety disorders and family dynamics are the main causes, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective treatment, with success rates of 60–80%. There are still gaps in longitudinal data and samples from different cultures. For teachers and doctors, this means that early screening and support systems that work together are important. This review emphasizes the necessity for customized, evidence-informed approaches to alleviate enduring effects on academic performance and mental well-being.
Predicting Consumer Behavior of Fashion Items Made from Recycled Plastic Waste Using the Behavioral Reasoning Theory
Current study examines customer purchasing intentions and behaviors regarding fashion items created from recycled plastic with the goal of determining how well these eco-friendly products might mitigate the detrimental environmental effects of rapid fashion. The study used a cross- sectional research approach, and 258 responses were used to test the proposed integrated model using a covariance-based structural equation modeling technique. Only one association between biospheric value and environmental views (reasons for) is determined to be significant. Research also showed that emergence of social media and the option to pay more for recycled clothing created from plastic waste cannot affect consumers' attitudes, intentions, or behavior when making purchases. By employing the Behavioral Reasoning Theory, this study examined whether consumers’ environmental values can influence their buying behaviour of clothes made of recycled plastic waste. Additionally, we also explored the impact of social media, consumers' skepticism, and willingness to pay premium prices for clothes made of recycled plastic waste. Moreover, we uncovered potential applications and opportunities within the recycled clothing sector, aligning with SDG goal 12 on responsible consumption and production.
Cultivating Unity: Theoretical and Practical Foundations for Interethnic Communication in Higher Education
Higher education institutions globally have undergone profound demographic transformations, with increasing numbers of international and ethnic minority students enrolled across university campuses (Deardorff & Iuliano, 2026). Despite this growing diversity, research indicates that meaningful interethnic communication remains elusive, as diverse campuses often experience segregated social networks, lower feelings of inclusion among minority students, and persistent gaps between institutional diversity rhetoric and lived experiences (Celeste et al., 2019; Ford, 2024). This study addresses the central problem of the absence of a coherent, empirically grounded framework for intentionally cultivating a culture of interethnic communication in university settings. Grounded in Allport's (1954) contact hypothesis, social identity theory, and contemporary intercultural competence models (Stonier, 2024), this qualitative phenomenological case study explored barriers to interethnic communication, the role of institutional leadership, and the relationship between interethnic dialogue and broader institutional goals. Three diverse institutions a research university, a teaching-focused university, and a community college served as case sites, with 30-35 participants recruited through purposive sampling, including students from diverse ethnic backgrounds, faculty members, and diversity administrators. Data collection employed semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and document analysis of institutional policies, analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2021) six-phase thematic approach. Findings revealed three categories of barriers: institutional fragmentation and the "contact gap" (Deardorff & Iuliano, 2026), pedagogical unpreparedness and reliance on color-blind approaches (Celeste et al., 2019), and interpersonal obstacles including fear of causing offense and limited vocabulary for discussing difference (Ford, 2024; Stonier, 2024). Leadership emerged as decisive through strategic vision, resource allocation, and cultural modelling, with visible commitment enabling sustained intercultural initiatives. Interethnic communication correlated positively with equity, inclusion, and student success, as students reporting meaningful cross-group interactions described greater belonging, enriched academic experiences, and developed perspective-taking skills essential for diverse workplaces. The study concludes that cultivating interethnic communication requires intentional, multi-level intervention addressing institutional, pedagogical, and interpersonal dimensions simultaneously. Recommendations include articulating interethnic communication as a strategic priority, integrating pluralist pedagogical approaches across curricula, sustaining intergroup dialogue programs, and conducting longitudinal research on intercultural development in both physical and virtual learning environments.
The Mechanisms of Impulsive Buying: The Role of Retail Stimuli, Loyalty Satisfaction, and Demographic Contingencies
The impulse buying behavior trend is a significant outcome of the contemporary retail strategies, yet the psychological mechanisms of bridging the retail stimulus and the decision to buy impulsively are not integrated in a proper way. This paper is based on the “Stimulus-Organism-Response” model in analyzing the mediatory effects of Loyalty Satisfaction in the connection between Service Performance, Price Perception, Judgmental Motives and Impulse Buying behavior. Also, the demographic factors moderating effect is investigated. The data were gathered on 432 retail consumers and were analyzed using the “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation” Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that Service Performance and Price Perception have a significant positive impact on Loyalty Satisfaction which has a strong positive impact on the Impulsive Buying behavior. The structural model predicts 72.8 percent of the variance in the Loyalty Satisfaction and 35.3 per cent of the variance in the Impulsive Buying. Mediation analysis supports the fact that Loyalty Satisfaction is partially transmitting the impact of retail stimuli and to impulsive buying. Moreover, moderation results show that Gender and Income have considerable impact on the association between Loyalty Satisfaction and Impulsive Buying but Age and Purchase Frequency do not reveal any significant moderating effects. The introduction of mediation and demographic moderation within the single structural framework contributes to the expansion of the “Stimulus-Organism-Response” paradigm, and provides practical implications to the retail managers who want to stimulate the impulse buying behavior in a strategic manner.
Indian Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development: A Socio-Economic Perspective
Indian cultural heritage and sustainable development are significant to the study of Indian culture that uses technology to promote Indian cultural identity and tourism. Indian culture played an important role in shaping the country’s social and economic development. This paper aims to examine the relationship between Indian cultural heritage and sustainable development from a socio-economic perspective. The study follows the qualitative research methods based on secondary data, including scholarly literature, government reports, and international policy frameworks related to culture and sustainability. The paper argues that India’s cultural heritage contributes to sustainable development through the generation of livelihood, promoting inclusive growth, strengthening social cohesion, and supporting environmentally sustainable practices through traditional identity and knowledge systems. Based on the sectors such as heritage tourism/cultural tourism, handicrafts, performing arts (dance, singing, and drama), and indigenous practices, they are analyzed to emphasize India’s socio-economic impact at local and national levels. The findings suggest that integrating cultural heritage development planning not only preserves cultural identity but also encourages economic resilience and community participation. The study concludes that Indian cultural heritage serves as a sustainable resource that may effectively support socio-economic development when combined with inclusive policies, community engagement, and responsible governance.
A Study on the Scope and Impact of Gig and Platform Economy in Ahmedabad
The gig and platform economy is expanding rapidly across India and globally, creating new livelihood opportunities in ridesharing, delivery, logistics, and professional services. Ahmedabad—historically known as the “Manchester of India”—is emerging as a major urban growth centre where gig and platform work is increasingly accessible. This study examines the status, scope, and impact of the gig and platform economy in Ahmedabad by analysing primary data collected from 100 gig and platform workers. The questionnaire captured responses across three dimensions: Money Matters, Social Indicators, and Nature of Job. Hypotheses were formulated for each construct and analysed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS.The measurement model demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability and validity after refinement. The results reveal that Money Matters exert a significant negative influence on job satisfaction, indicating that income instability, variable payouts, and financial uncertainty reduce overall satisfaction levels. In contrast, Social Indicators, such as gender equality, respectful treatment, and inclusive work environments have a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. The Nature of Job, represented primarily by work flexibility, does not show a statistically significant impact. The model explains 16.2% of the variance in job satisfaction, consistent with exploratory research in emerging gig economy contexts. The findings suggest that while flexibility attracts workers to gig platforms, long-term job satisfaction depends more on financial stability and positive social conditions.These insights highlight the evolving character of gig work in the city. Overall, the study provides an exploratory understanding of how gig and platform work is perceived in Ahmedabad and identifies areas where worker experience can be strengthened through policy and platform-level interventions.
Future of Banking in the Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review
This paper provides an overview of the analysis of an SLR on how digital transformation and financial technologies (FinTech) are modifying the structure, functioning, and inclusiveness of the global banking sector. The study primarily aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the effect of digital innovations on financial institutions’ operational efficiency, customer interaction quality, and socio-economic growth. A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases following the PRISMA framework for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. Inclusion criteria included English-language, full-text original articles that directly studied banking digital services and technologies. Information was retrieved and analyzed thematically to identify trends, patterns of events, and research gaps. The study results indicate that AI/machine learning has changed banking operations by automation, fraud detection, and customization of financial services, sufficiently enhancing capability and productivity. FinTech products, mobile money, and digital lending in particular have improved access to finance with benefits to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as financial inclusion in developing markets. Yet the review also notes ongoing barriers, including cyber threats, high implementation costs, and inconsistent regulations that pose a risk to the sustainable uptake of systems. In addition, although digital transformation increases operational performances and customer satisfaction, it initially reduces profitability due to technological cost. It also recommends that sustainable digital transformation must balance the innovation with investment in human capital, ethical governance, and regulatory frameworks.
THE SYSTEMIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH CARE SECTOR
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing healthcare. It offers new ways to improve how doctors diagnose and treat patients. AI also helps with patient monitoring and managing healthcare systems. This study looks at how AI tools like machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing make diagnoses more accurate. They also help create personal medical plans and make hospital tasks smoother. The paper also discusses the ethical, legal, and privacy issues that come with using AI in healthcare. The paper also describes future ideas and changes for AI in healthcare. The results stress the need for a careful approach. This approach considers new technology along with ethical, legal, and infrastructure readiness. In order to understand all these aspects together researchers referred 100 research papers related to artificial intelligence in different areas. Out of which ,20 research papers related to artificial intelligence in healthcare are studied by researchers and based on that, it further categorized into 8 themes, which offers a holistic examination of artificial intelligence in healthcare sector.
An Examination of the Challenges Influencing Internal Audit Effectiveness in Selected Ethiopian Commercial Banks in Mekelle District Offices
Internal audit has an important role in aiding a firm to achieve its objective when it is implemented, operated, and managed effectively. Business organizations which effectively implemented, operated and managed internal auditing were better able to identify their business risks and system inefficiencies for the sake of taking corrective actions and improvement in the process. The study used purposive sampling method and covered the three district offices of commercial banks found at Mekelle city and some branches under supervision of same. The study adopted mixed research method by employing quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative research method used through 60 usable self-administered questionnaires and 6 interviews for management bodies. These questionnaires were constructed and distributed to internal auditors and control officers of the district and branch offices, and analyzed using STATA statistical software. The qualitative research method used through personal interview with Heads/supervisors of internal audit and administrative bodies. Competence of the respondents generally perceive internal auditors as having adequate professional knowledge and educational backgrounds; quality of the internal audit function's independence is in good way; management support is perceived as moderate; and Senior management usually backs internal audit functions, but there are clear gaps in staffing, training, and resources. Banks should prioritize recruiting internal auditors with backgrounds in accounting and finance or ensure that auditors from other disciplines receive intensive auditing and accounting training. This will improve technical competence and audit quality.
FINANCIAL LITERACY AND ITS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR WITH REFERENCE TO MANIPUR
The study aims to examine the relationship between financial literacy, investor’s attitude and decision making. In the present study, sample units are taken for various individuals, including students, private sector employees, government employees, business owners, and self-employed individuals from Manipur. Convenience sampling was used as a sampling technique. Data were collected from 165 respondents using self-developed questionnaires consisting of nine statements each of Financial literacy and Investment decisions. Independent sample t test and ANOVA were used to examine whether there were significant differences between respondents in terms of financial literacy and investment decision-making habits. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the link between financial literacy components and investment decision-making. The regression analysis seeks to establish a relationship between the independent variables, i.e Financial literacy which includes investment decision. Positive correlation was established between the financial literacy and investment decisions. Financial literacy and investment decision-making behaviors were reasonably constant across age groups, implying a common understanding and practice of financial management across the sampled population. The findings also show that investing decisions are positively and strongly linked with all financial literacy factors. The model's R value of 0.797 indicates a significant positive association between financial literacy components and investment decision-making. Finally, the research emphasizes the critical need for comprehensive and accessible financial education initiatives in Manipur.
Investment Led Growth and Fiscal Discipline: Evaluating the Developmental Impact of India’s Union Budget 2026-27
The Union Budget 2026-27 is a key policy step of fiscal policy in India's push for Viksit Bharat, developed in an uncertain world of economic instability, geopolitical fragmentation, and fast-changing technology. This paper analyses the fiscal architecture of the Union Budget 2026-27 with a particular focus on fiscal policy orientation, capital expenditure strategy, deficit management, and sectoral priorities, and assesses its implications for India's economic development. Using a descriptive analytical technique on the basis of secondary data (official budget documents and policy releases), the following aspects of the analysis are performed: expenditure composition, deficit indicators, percentage of GDP, and sector-wise allocation. Empirical evidence to the Budget reveals a huge tilt of investment-led growth, with total capital expenditure standing at Rs. 12.21 lakhs crores and effective capital expenditure increases to Rs. 17.14 lakhs crores, i.e., 4.4% of GDP, signifying a focus on infrastructure, logistics, energy transition, and industrial capacity building in the country (Government of India, 2026). Large-scale investments in roads, railways, and freight corridors, as well as renewable energy, are expected to crowd in private investment, generate employment, and improve productivity. At the same time, the Budget preserves fiscal prudence, the fiscal deficit is contained at 4.3% of GDP, the debt-to-GDP ratio is declining at 55.6%, and the effective revenue deficit has declined sharply to 0.3%, indicating the improved quality of spending (Press Information Bureau, 2026). Sectoral allocations also gave greater thrust to targeted support for manufacturing and MSMEs through the allocation of the SME Growth Fund of 10,000 crore for MSMEs, human capital development, and digital and green transitions. The findings suggest that Union Budget 2026-27 is a strategic reorientation from short-term welfare dominance but towards medium and long-term development, led by fiscal governance/cum growth acceleration along with credible fiscal consolidation as a way to build India's long-term economic resilience.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CASH FLOW STATEMENT OF TATA MOTORS LIMITED AND MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LIMITED
The cash flow statement is very important part of the financial statement. This statement provides the information about the cash inflows and cash outflows of the company. In this research paper researcher analyze the cash flow from the operating, investing and financing activity. In this study 5 year’s data used from 2019-20 to 2023-24 and researcher was select two sample automobile companies Tata Motors Limited and Maruti Suzuki India Limited from the convenience sampling and statistical tools T-test applied for the analyze the data. In this research findings that the trends of the cash flow generated from all three activities fluctuating for the Tata Motors Limited compare to Maruti Suzuki India Limited. So, researcher concludes Tata Motors Limited is better compare to Maruti Suzuki India Limited.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY
This paper presents growth and development of Indian sugar industry during the study period of 2014-15 to 2023-24. India is the second largest producer and consumer of sugar in the world. Also, the usage of the sugar is increasing 2.2% annually in India. India is the first country to produce the sugar.in recent time, with 31 million metric tons of total sugar intake, India ranked second in the year 2023-24. From all India production of sugar has increased during this ten year of study period. Compound annual growth rate of sugar production is 1% of ten-year study period. Sugarcane acreage has also increased to 5944(000 hectares) in the year 2023-24. Although the numbers of factories in operation got decreased to 533 in the year 2023-34. Conclusion of the study would be Indian Sugar Industry is growing and developing phase and also in a race to be ranked first globally.
Identifying the Primary Socio-Economic and Structural Barriers Hindering Financial Inclusion in Iraq (2015–2021)
This research investigates the fundamental social, economic, and structural barriers hindering the progression of financial inclusion in Iraq between 2015 and 2021. Despite the strategic importance of financial integration for economic diversification, Iraq’s financial landscape remains characterized by a profound reliance on cash and a systemic distrust in banking institutions. Through a descriptive and analytical approach, this study identifies that while initiatives like "Salary Localization" have increased the number of bank accounts, they have failed to foster genuine financial engagement due to persistent structural deficiencies and cultural skepticism. The findings suggest that the lack of robust digital infrastructure, coupled with the high cost of financial services and historical institutional instability, represents the primary bottleneck. The research concludes with strategic recommendations, emphasizing the need for digital transformation, structural banking reforms, and the restoration of public confidence to bridge the gap between the unbanked population and the formal financial sector.