International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research
THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE IN U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS FROM 2008 TO 2024
Social media has transformed political communication and voter engagement over the past sixteen years. This study examines the evolving role of social media across five U.S. presidential elections from 2008 to 2024, analysing how digital platforms shifted from tools of grassroots mobilization to mechanisms of algorithmic persuasion, misinformation amplification, influencer politics, and AI-driven content manipulation. Using a qualitative longitudinal comparative case study approach, the research synthesizes secondary data from academic literature, platform analytics, policy reports, and media sources. Findings reveal a progression from participatory civic engagement in 2008 and 2012 to emotionally polarized digital warfare in 2016, crisis-mediated regulatory tension in 2020, and influencer- and AI-dominated short-video persuasion ecosystems in 2024. The study concludes that social media has restructured political behaviour, weakened rational deliberation, intensified polarization, and redistributed political power from institutional actors to digital platforms and influencers, posing critical challenges to democratic integrity.
social media, U.S. elections, digital political communication, misinformation, algorithmic persuasion, influencer politics, AI content, polarization, voter behaviour
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF RECENT SME IPOS LISTED ON NSEx AND BSEx
This research paper is specifically aimed at study of the performance of recent Initial Public Offers (IPOs) of Small and Medium Enterprises (S.M.E.) boarded on the National Stock Exchange (N.S.Ex.) and Bombay Stock Exchange (B.S.Ex.) during a carefully selected recent time-period. Let us think of high compliance and cost involved in normal listing of an IPO on any exchange. The introduction of a specially designed listing platform on each of the two major exchanges has provided comparative ease of fund raising from public and also providing liquidity in trading of such stocks on major exchanges. The fund-raising cost of these companies has lowered because of such specific listing arrangement in comparison to main board listing. Such a special facility has also provided opportunities for the investors to go for investing in more IPOs because main board IPOs are less frequent than smaller IPOs. Therefore, more companies can now afford to list and a number of S.M.E. IPOs came up in the market each year to board for listing on the exchanges. S.M.E. IPOs are also becoming popular as it increased the chances of getting allotment of a new issue of shares for various investors whether retail category, High Net Worth (HNI) category or any other category of interested buyer of new shares. At this instance, there arise a common research question in respect of these public offers, whether such offers to public still remain attractive and high rewarding and pour magical gains. Our analysis incorporates the average first-day gain or negative gain (loss) of S.M.E. IPOs which have got listed on the two exchanges during the specific time-period selected by us. A comparative analysis has also been performed to know whether one company issue on one exchange has any comparative advantage or different returns in comparison to the other exchange. Capital is one of the factors in limited quantity. It is always viable and prudent to invest money in those IPOs alternatives which have greater chances of allotment as well as pour attractive returns. Statistical analysis has been made for assessing the performance of IPOs under analysis with respect to the listing first day gains or negative gains and further comparative analysis has been made between S.M.E. IPOs on N.S.Ex. and B.S.Ex. by applying various statistical tools. Updated secondary data available on the public database on websites of N.S.Ex. and B.S.Ex. has been used for our analysis and own calculations have been made for statistical analysis using spreadsheet software and SPSS Data analysis software of I.B.M.
SME-IPO, N.S.Ex.-IPO, B.S.Ex.-IPO, IPO Returns, Listing Gains
FINANCIAL LITERACY AND ITS IMPACT ON MONEY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN MANIPUR
This study examines the relationship between financial literacy and money management practices among college students in Manipur, a northeastern state of India with distinct socio-economic characteristics. Using a quantitative research design with multi-stage stratified random sampling, data were collected from 370 undergraduate and postgraduate students across government colleges, private colleges, and universities in Manipur. The study employed a structured questionnaire to assess financial literacy levels and money management practices across five dimensions: budgeting and planning, saving and spending behaviors, debt management, and financial decision-making. Descriptive statistics revealed concerning below-average financial literacy levels (M = 2.25) and correspondingly poor money management practices across all dimensions (M = 2.26 to 2.41). However, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive relationships between financial literacy and all money management dimensions (r = .641 to .764, p < .001). Multiple regression analyses provided compelling evidence that financial literacy significantly predicts money management effectiveness, explaining substantial variance across budgeting and planning (R² = 53.1%), saving and spending behaviors (R² = 58.3%), debt management (R² = 41.1%), financial decision-making (R² = 45.6%), and overall money management practices (R² = 60.8%). All hypotheses were supported at p < .001 significance level with large effect sizes. The findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive financial education programs in higher education institutions and targeted interventions by policymakers to address financial literacy deficits among young adults in northeastern India. This research contributes valuable insights to the limited literature on financial behavior in culturally distinct developing regions and provides an evidence-based foundation for developing effective financial capability interventions.
Financial Literacy, Money Management, College Students, Financial Behavior
THE GROWTH OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NON-PERFORMING ASSETS
The paper discussed the growth of financial Institutions in Jammu and Kashmir. It has found that regional rural banks, private sector banks, and public sector banks are playing vital role in credit distribution in Jammu and Kashmir. Private sector banks are in leading position of branches and touching points. Nearly 50% districts have credit-to-deposit ratio lower than the standard level 70%. There are mixed success in achieving credit targets in banks. Canara Bank is the largest beneficiary under the Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana. There is huge gap of beneficiaries of Atal Pension Scheme, and Prime Minister's Self-Employment Scheme. Banks are not achieving credit and beneficiaries target in priority sector. They achieved target of credit allocation in personal loans and housing sectors in non-priority sector. J&K Grameen Bank, and State Bank of India, has more linked with self-help groups. Total non-performing assets in Jammu and Kashmir under Kisan Credit Card is 270.26 crores which is 5% of credits. J&K SFC has the highest gross NPA percentage (56.85), followed by Cooperative Banks (33.80), and Regional Rural Banks (6.30). Public Sector Banks has the least gross NPA percentage (2.35), preceded by Private Sector Banks (4.02). Private Sector Banks has the highest gross NPA volume. MSME sector has the highest volume of non-performing assets, followed by Agricultural sector and MUDRA. PMEGP scheme has the highest volume of non-performing assets, followed by NULM, and NRLM. Therefore, government will implement policies for minimizing the non-performing assets in banking sector.
Banks, Credit, Financial Institutions, Government, and Non-Performing Assets
DILEMMA OF CEO ANDY BYRON’S RESIGNATION IN THE CONTEXT OF AMERICAN FOUNDATIONAL SOCIO-CULTURAL NORMS- A CASE STUDY
In July 2025, Astronomer, a well-known IT corporation based in New York, United States, came into the undesired spotlight due to an intimate moment between its two top-level executives, CEO Andy Byron and Chief Public Officer Kristin Cabot, at a Coldplay concert that went viral in social media, which sparked public and workplace backlash and later on the resignation of Byron. This controversy and reaction led to rethink about the foundational socio-cultural norms of United States (Western Culture), which makes it different from the rest of the world. This case examines whether Byron’s resignation was justified, contrasting foundational American socio-cultural norms (post-independence period 1776-1820s) such as Individualism and Self-reliance, Materialism and Masculinity, Equality, Civic Engagement and Moral Restraint, Openness to Innovation and Risk, with their modern evolution. Dilemma discussed in this case, will be helpful for the management, HR and political science scholars and Practitioners to understand the challenges of ethical conflicts.
TRANSFORMING BUSINESS EXPANSION WITH GAMIFICATION: EXPLORING INDUSTRY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIONS
Aim: This systematic review aims to examine successful gamification methods responsible for business expansion. Methodology: A thorough literature search was done to find pertinent research. To make sure that the studies chosen for inclusion and exclusion were focused on gamification methods in business contexts. Data extraction and synthesis were carried out to analyse the selected studies. Results: Initially, 1046 records were identified, of which 61 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed a growing trend in gamification research within business contexts. Various business-specific frameworks based on gamification were identified, including point systems, leader boards, progress tracking, and personalization. Findings: The results imply that gamification techniques are crucial in promoting business expansion by enhancing customer engagement, increasing productivity, and fostering innovation. Conclusion: This systematic review provides an understanding of the trends, frameworks, and future directions to businesses by developing effective gamification strategies to facilitate growth and expansion in diverse industries.
gamification, business expansion, innovations, customer engagement, productivity
IMPACT OF KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICALS: A COMPARATIVE PRE- AND POST-COVID STUDY
In this research, authors analyze the interaction of the main financial indicators Net Profit Ratio (NPR), EBITDA, Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) and Return on Net Worth (RONW)) to the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) of Indian pharmaceutical firms and compare the results between the pre-COVID (20152019) and post-COVID (20202024) period. The main goal will be to determine the way the importance and influence of these financial variables of sustainable growth developed in accordance to macroeconomic disturbance. Based on a strong sample of publicly traded pharmaceutical corporations, the analysis makes use of Pearson correlation and multi-regression to figure out solid connection and causal influence between them amid the two periods. The results demonstrate that before the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, a prevalence of drivers based on the returns existed and the only material predictor of SGR was RONW. The model itself, however, still in the post-COVID market, names only a single positive significant factor, and this is the indicator NPR, whereas the indicator EBITDA appears surprisingly to have a great negative influence on the SGR, reflecting the strategic switch of the focus between capital efficiency and profitability-oriented growth in an economic turmoil. The general regression models of the two periods show excellent explanatory values (R 2 > 90 %) and hence support the hypothesis that financial metrics are relevant in the prediction of Green growth. These leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis which means it has been proved that there is in existence financial indicator that has a significant and context-dependent role to play on SGR. The research has critical implications on financial managers, investors, and policy-makers in that financial solutions should only be adaptive, period-specific, and according to the future economic realities and resilience-based growth goals.
Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR); Net Profit Ratio (NPR); Return on Capital Employed (ROCE); Return on Net Worth (RONW); EBITDA; Financial Performance; COVID-19 Impact; Capital Efficiency.
TO STUDY CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS SOCIAL COMMERCE PLATFORMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PURCHASE DECISIONS AMONG YOUTH
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the way consumers engage with brands and make purchase decisions. Social commerce platforms, which integrate social media and e-commerce, have emerged as powerful tools influencing consumer behavior. Today’s youth, being highly active on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Telegram, rely on user-generated content, reviews, influencer recommendations, and peer feedback to evaluate products and services before making a purchase. This study examines consumer perceptions towards social commerce platforms and their impact on purchase decisions among youth. It explores the factors that drive consumer trust, engagement, and purchase intentions, including the credibility of online reviews, brand interactions, and personalized recommendations. Additionally, the study investigates how demographic factors such as age, gender, and income level shape consumer attitudes toward social commerce. With the increasing popularity of social commerce, understanding these behavioural patterns is crucial for businesses looking to enhance their digital marketing strategies. The findings of this research will provide insights into the key elements that influence young consumers’ decision-making processes, helping brands optimize their engagement strategies and improve customer experiences on social commerce platforms.
Social Commerce platforms, User-Generated Content, Perceptions, E-commerce, social media
THE SYNERGY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AND SOFT POWER IN INDIA'S INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
In an increasingly interconnected world, nations leverage public relations and soft power to enhance global influence and foster international relationships. India, with its extensive and diverse diaspora, stands at the forefront of this paradigm shift, utilizing the unique cultural and social capital of its expatriate communities to bolster its global strategy. This paper explores the interplay between public relations, soft power, and diaspora engagement, illustrating how India can effectively harness these elements to enhance its international standing. We examine the theoretical frameworks underlying soft power and public diplomacy while integrating the strategic role of the Indian diaspora in promoting cultural exchange, economic ties, and political advocacy. Case studies of successful diaspora initiatives illustrate the potential of these communities in shaping perceptions of India abroad. Additionally, we address the challenges in aligning diaspora efforts with national interests, highlighting the need for a cohesive and collaborative approach. By proposing a comprehensive model for integrating diaspora efforts within India's public relations strategy, we aim to provide actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners. This paper underscores the importance of a unified strategy that not only promotes India's cultural heritage but also strengthens its geopolitical influence through the active participation of its diaspora, ultimately contributing to a more robust and nuanced global presence.
Public Relations, Soft Power, Diaspora, India
STRENGTHENING INDIA'S GLOBAL STANDING AND SOFT POWER: A STUDY ON STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION AND DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS
This paper attempts to investigate the various ways India is projecting itself on the international stage and enhancing its soft power through strategic communication and diplomatic initiatives. The paper further indicates how India utilizes its democratic values and rich cultural heritage- notably, its popular cinema-in its soft power strategy. With the turn of the century, India has had greater global engagement in terms of democracy, including participation in the United Nations Democracy Fund in 2005. In addition, India's digital diplomacy engagements have been looked into for reaching out to the diaspora and global audiences via modern communication avenues. It throws light on the role of a robust and independent media landscape that fosters awareness of foreign policy among the public. It has been considered very important by India to communicate effectively in the digital age so that a favorable global image can be created for itself. The paper also discusses leadership dynamics to understand the personality traits and leadership styles of the prime minister of India, which, the authors assert, have been key to navigating the world's power dynamics. The article concludes by advocating a synergistic model for enhancing India's soft power and global presence, with the four key components being democratic engagement, cultural diplomacy, strategic communication, and leadership consolidation, thus providing a platform for India to exert its influence on the world stage.
India, global stand, soft power, Strategic communication, diplomatic initiatives, cultural diplomacy, popular cinema, digital diplomacy, media landscape, leadership dynamics
A STUDY OF THE FACTORS IMPACTING ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR IN GUJARAT
The scope of social e-commerce has grown over the years. Social e-commerce can be best explained if a consumer purchases products or services using a social network. Consumers can purchase online through social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, and LinkedIn. The usage of social media sites in online shopping has grown too much. Almost every individual utilizes these platforms for various purposes, and most of them use them to shop online because they are convenient and save time. These platforms offer multiple items to make it through the consumer's demands in many buying options. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine what factors influence consumers' decision-making through social e-commerce websites. In the present research, a structured questionnaire was designed, and 103 responses were gathered from the users of social media who were shopping online. Data collected were intended to identify the drivers of their online purchasing decisions. Based on the factor analysis, three variables were identified: trust in social media networking sites, Trust in friends' recommendations and reviews on SNSs, and Willingness to Pay for Services on SNSs, which impacted the online shopping behavior of consumers.
Consumer Decision Making, Social E-Commerce, Social Media Platforms, Online Shopping, Purchase Decisions
NEO BANKING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA & THE UK
Neo banks are considered to be a disruption in banking and finance and are pioneers of innovative products that ease the daily financial requirements of people across the globe. The rise of digital banking services is mainly attributed to increased smartphone penetration and the availability of affordable internet services. The paper attempts to compare and analyse the neo banking scenario in a developing country – India and a developed country- The United Kingdom (UK). The paper identifies and examines the factors that play a crucial role in the overall success of neo banks namely – Government regulations, industry growth projections, licensing policy, business profitability, customer base, products and services offered, and investor funding pattern, through an extensive review of available literature on neo banks of both countries, to identify the gaps and devise a plan to fill those gaps for the smoother and faster growth of neo banks in India.
Neo bank, comparative analysis, developed economy, developing economy
LICENSING, TRADE, AND ENFORCEMENT: EVALUATING THE LEGAL REGIME GOVERNING THE ARMS AND WEAPON INDUSTRY IN INDIA
India's dedication to striking a balance between public safety, national security, and economic development is reflected in the complex and dynamic regulatory structure that oversees the country's arms and weapons industry. The current framework, which has its roots in colonial-era controls and was substantially altered after independence by the Arms Act of 1959 and the Arms Rules of 2016, has grown to include licensing, trade regulation, and enforcement at the federal and state levels. Nevertheless, the industry still faces difficulties like monopolistic market tactics, the spread of illegal weapons, regulatory oversight gaps, and bureaucratic bottlenecks. In addition to evaluating the constitutional underpinnings, international commitments, and administrative obstacles, this study aims to critically analyses the effectiveness of India's legislative and procedural frameworks controlling the licensing, production, trade, and enforcement of weapons. The study identifies both systemic flaws and positives in the current regulatory framework by using a doctrinal research technique based on secondary sources, such as government reports, statutory texts, court decisions, and international agreements. The results show that even while the legal framework is broad, administrative hold-ups, a lack of technology modernization, and disjointed interagency collaboration cause its enforcement to be uneven. The study comes to the conclusion that in order to improve transparency, encourage indigenization, encourage responsible arms exports, and guarantee strong adherence to international standards, significant reform is necessary. By providing practical legal and policy proposals targeted at improving institutional capacity, expediting licensing procedures, and bolstering India's standing as a safe and responsible participant in the international arms trade, it adds to the conversation on strategic autonomy.
Arms Act, 1959, Arms Rules, 2016, Weapons and Ammunition, Licensing, Enforcement, National Security.
EVALUATING CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY DISCLOSURE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF TATA STEEL LTD
This study provides a longitudinal analysis of the sustainability accounting disclosure practices of Tata Steel Ltd., a leading entity in India’s steel industry, across the fiscal years 2021–22 to 2023–24. The study evaluates disclosure patterns in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) domains through a structured content analysis of its Integrated Reports. Special attention is paid to the company's alignment with international sustainability frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis reveals a progressive enhancement in reporting quality and strategic depth, particularly regarding decarbonization strategies, circular economy models, and stakeholder-inclusive governance mechanisms. The paper contributes to the academic discourse on sustainability reporting in emerging markets and highlights the value of robust ESG communication for long-term corporate accountability.
Sustainability Accounting Disclosure, ESG Reporting, Integrated Reporting (IR), GRI, BRSR, SDGs, Environmental Performance Indicators
BEYOND RATIOS: A DYNAMIC FRAMEWORK FOR FINANCIAL HEALTH EVALUATION INTEGRATING GOVERNANCE, MACROECONOMICS, AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION – EVIDENCE FROM GLOBAL AND EMERGING MARKETS
This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework for assessing corporate financial health, highlighting the diverse roles of financial ratios, corporate governance, macroeconomic variables, and ownership concentration. Traditional distress prediction models, which rely exclusively on financial ratios, often overlook crucial contextual details, especially in emerging markets characterized by concentrated ownership and economic volatility. Based on empirical findings, particularly from India, this framework illustrates how governance quality influences ownership effects and how both governance and ownership shape the impact of macroeconomic shocks on financial stability. The conceptual model expands understanding beyond static metrics, offering a thorough perspective for evaluating firm stability within complex institutional landscapes. This study proposes testable hypotheses and suggests directions for future research to empirically validate and enhance the framework. This integrated strategy provides essential insights for investors, regulators, and corporate managers seeking to improve financial resilience in emerging economies.
Financial Health Evaluation, Corporate Governance, Financial Ratios, Macroeconomic Factors, Ownership Concentration, Theoretical Framework, Emerging Markets, India
THE BHAGVAD GITA: A PERENNIAL PANACEA TO ATTAIN SELF- REALIZATION AND EMOTIONAL STABILITY
Love, happiness, joy, caring and sharing are, on the other hand, positive emotions that everybody seeks in order to achieve a success of his life. These are the emotions that a successful executive looks for and inculcates in his employees and peers. According to Daniel Goleman emotional intelligence is the ability to manage our own inner lives and get along with people. various theories of emotional intelligence emphasise on the need for emotional regulation for success in life. The Indian philosophic tradition also accentuates on the powerful nature of emotions, which have to be harnessed for a harmonious life. This paper compares the modern theory of emotional intelligence as proposed by Goleman, with the idea of emotional stability as expressed in the Bhagavad-Gita. The preaching of the Bhagvad Gita will offer a positive outlook and help to manage emotions. It not only analyses the impediments but also provides appropriate solutions to achieve emotional equilibrium. This paper aims to suggest the perpetual applicability of the Bhagavad Gita's wisdom in acquiring emotional stability and self-realization in the present perspective.
emotional intelligence, Bhagavad Gita, self- realization, sthithapragnya
MASTERING BITCOINS OVER NEOCLASSICAL WAYS OF INVESTING: A NEW AGE ASSET CLASS
Cryptocurrencies are a new era investment as against investments in Neo Classical assets that the World has evidenced since 2009. India is in its infancy stage for cryptocurrencies since Hon’ble Supreme Court instructed the Reserve Bank of India to quash its 2018 circular that banned the customers who dealt in cryptocurrencies, to lift the ban on immediate basis in March 2021. Bitcoins, being the first ever virtual tremor that the global economy had ever evidenced since the inception of monetary exchanges, is only a symbolic representation of the existing 12000 varied crypto-currencies in 2021-a severe increase from just a handful of crypto coins in 2013 (Natalie zhang, Mac Kenzie Sigalos:2021). This research paper is an attempt to study how cryptocurrencies and block chain technology works, and the extent to which the New Age Asset Class investment can attract young investors over the Neo-classical ways of Investments. This paper thus is an attempt to explore the fundamental principles behind cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology and to evaluate how these innovations are reshaping financial investment landscapes. The study further analyzes the extent to which these new-age assets attract younger investors compared to traditional neo-classical investment vehicles such as stocks, bonds, and real estate. Through technological, psychological, and economic lenses, this research highlights the appeal, risks, and implications of adopting cryptocurrencies as a mainstream investment strategy.
Bitcoins, Neo-Classical-Investments, New-Age-asset class
TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF TRADE BETWEEN BANGLADESH AND G7 COUNTRIES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
The objective of the paper is to study the status of trade between Bangladesh and G7 countries. It has found that Bangladesh has trade surplus with G7 countries except Japan. Textiles, leather, jute, pharmaceutical products, cement, agricultural goods, fish/ seafood, glass, and tea are the major exported goods of Bangladesh. Trade Intensity Index shows that Bangladesh has strong trade relations with Germany, United Kingdom, and France, while it has weak trade relations with Japan. Bangladesh has a higher Herfindahl-Hirschman Index with the United States, which shows Bangladesh exports more selected products to the United States than the other G7 member countries. Trade Complementarity Index value of Bangladesh to G7 Countries is not very high, i.e. export profile of Bangladesh does not match the import profile from G7 countries. Low brand recognition, quality standards, limited access to financial resources for enterprises, and potential losses in access to priority markets are the basic challenges before the export sector of Bangladesh. Land, natural gas and electricity shortages remain vital obstacles to investment. Political unrest, temporary shut down of business operations, and religious upraises affects supply chains. Therefore, the Government of Bangladesh should implement policies properly for mitigating such challenges, and also should diversify the items of export for reducing risk.
Export, Garment industry, Import, Revenue, and Trade
THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION ON WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY
The impact of political participation on women's empowerment in the 21st century has become a critical area of focus in the global pursuit of gender equality. Women's active involvement in politics, both at the grassroots and national levels, has proven to be a powerful tool in promoting social, economic, and political equality. This paper explores the transformative effects of political engagement on women's empowerment, highlighting the increased representation of women in decision-making bodies, the shaping of policies that address gender-specific needs, and the expansion of economic opportunities. Political participation empowers women by challenging patriarchal structures, enhancing their social and political visibility, and advocating for laws that protect their rights. Additionally, women’s involvement in global feminist movements fosters solidarity and collective action for gender justice. However, barriers such as cultural norms, gender-based violence, and underrepresentation continue to hinder full participation in many regions. Despite these challenges, political participation remains a key mechanism in advancing women’s empowerment in the 21st century, enabling women to contribute meaningfully to societal progress and influence policies that impact their lives and communities.
ROLE OF BENFORD’S LAW IN DETECTION OF FINANCIAL FRAUD OR CRIME OF SELECTED PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS IN INDIA
Most of the frauds occurred by corporate and key managerial personnel using the loophole /absence of rules and regulations connected with the bookkeeping / accounting for their personal gain. There are new methods or models developed and used in finding fraudulent practices i.e., The fraud triangle, fraud Diamond, Altman z score and Benford’s Law. Benford’s Law is widely used for Detection of financial Fraud and crime and known as digit probability. In this study, we use Benford’s Law in Detection of financial Fraud or crime of selected public sector banks. We took a sample of top five public sector bank of India. Outcomes of study investigate that the Frequency of first digit to fourth digit of SBI, PNB, BOB, BOI and Canara bank were slightly less than or more than the normal frequency of Benford’s law and it is not exact same as Benford’s law frequency. This study concludes that if any investor wants to check or collect the evidence then he or she can use Benford’s Law in Detection of financial Fraud or crime.
Financial Fraud or Crime, Digit Probability and Benford’s Law.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF GST ON PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED TEXTILE COMPANIES IN INDIA
The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India marked a significant shift in the nation's tax framework, aiming to streamline the taxation process by consolidating various indirect taxes into a unified system. This study investigates the impact of GST on the performance of selected textile companies in India, focusing on Vardhman Limited, Orbit Expo Limited, and Raymond Limited over the financial years 2019-20 to 2023-24. The research objectives include analyzing the growth patterns of these companies, assessing their profitability post-GST implementation, and determining any significant differences in performance before and after GST. A comprehensive analysis of financial metrics such as closing prices, Earnings Per Share (EPS), Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratios, and total returns was conducted. The findings reveal that while there were fluctuations in these metrics over the analyzed period, the paired samples t-test indicated no statistically significant difference in closing prices before and after GST implementation. This suggests that, at an aggregate level, GST did not have a uniform impact on the performance of these textile companies. However, the considerable variability observed across individual companies highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of GST's effects, considering factors such as company size, market positioning, and adaptability to the new tax regime. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on GST's role in shaping the textile industry's trajectory in India.
Goods and Service Tax, Textile Companies, Profitability ratio, Growth Scenario
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research
UNLEASHING INNOVATION: THE TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP START-UPS A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Technology plays an indispensable role in the field of entrepreneurship, holding significant value in the modern business environment. It serves as a catalyst for transformation, driving innovation, fostering growth, and providing a competitive edge for entrepreneurial ventures. Understanding the critical role of technology in entrepreneurship is essential for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and other key stakeholders. A systematic literature review serves as an effective method to highlight this importance. The goal of such a review is to present a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge about the impact of technology on entrepreneurial activities. This methodology involves a thorough examination of a wide range of academic sources to identify major themes, emerging patterns, and research gaps within the field. The review investigates the influence of technology on various aspects of entrepreneurship, including the start-up process, business model development, market dynamics, and innovation. It also examines factors that affect decisions related to technology adoption and explores the challenges entrepreneurs face in leveraging technology. Additionally, the review delves into the specific roles and contributions of various technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and social media within the entrepreneurial context. The insights derived from this systematic analysis not only expand the existing body of knowledge but also highlight areas requiring further exploration. Moreover, the findings offer practical and policy-oriented recommendations for entrepreneurs, educators, and policymakers to better navigate the intersection of technology and entrepreneurship.
Start-ups Policy, Technology Disruption, Blockchain, AI, Remote work
IMPACT OF WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY ON TASK WORK PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AMONG THE HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHERS IN DELHI
The concept of workplace spirituality talks about an inner voice or drive that look out for the purpose and meaning in the work which drives an intrinsic motivation to perform well but the impact of workplace spirituality on specific areas of job performance has been less studied so far especially in the higher education sector that is why in the present study, an attempt has been made to conduct an empirical enquiry to check is there any impact of workplace spirituality on one of the key element of work performance that is Task Work Performance among 100 higher education teachers working in the Delhi region. Correlation and Linear regression tests were performed using SPSS 23 and the results confirmed the significant positive relationship between workplace spirituality and Task Work Performance and there is a direct impact of workplace spirituality on the Task Work Performance among higher education teachers in Delhi. The results obtained in the presents study can be useful for the policy making at the higher educational institutes, universities or the government level. This study fills an important gap that links the workplace spirituality as tool to improve the job performance which can bring efficiency in the teaching learning activity at the higher educational institutes.
workplace spirituality, Task Work Performance
DIGITAL LENDING IN ZAMBIA: THE CASE STUDY FOR REGULATION
This article explores the growth of digital lending in Zambia, its benefits, and the challenges posed by the lack of regulation. The research highlights consumer protection risks, data privacy issues, and high-interest rates associated with digital loans. Utilizing data from surveys and interviews, this study proposes a regulatory framework to enhance financial inclusion while mitigating risks. Key recommendations include interest rate caps, standardized loan disclosures, and stronger debt collection regulations.
Digital Lending, Consumer Protection, Regulatory Framework, Financial Inclusion
ASSESSING EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A SURVEY-BASED ANALYSIS
This research explores the impact of employee job satisfaction on organizational performance, with a specific focus on the information technology (IT) sector. The study examines four key dimensions of job satisfaction—compensation and benefits, work-life balance, career development opportunities, and workplace culture—and their effects on employee retention, productivity, and profitability. Using a quantitative survey-based methodology, data were collected from 280 valid responses of full-time employees in IT firms, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis via SPSS. The results revealed that workplace culture and career development opportunities have the strongest correlations with employee retention and productivity, whereas compensation and benefits had a relatively lower impact. The findings suggest that non-financial factors such as workplace culture and career development play a critical role in enhancing organizational outcomes. This study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to employee satisfaction that goes beyond financial incentives, and highlights the importance of fostering a positive workplace culture to retain employees and boost performance. Implications for management practices and future research directions are discussed.
WOMEN IN BANKING: HOW PEER ADVICE SHAPES FINANCIAL CHOICES
The role of women in the banking sector has evolved significantly over the past few decades. This qualitative research explores how women working in banks—both private and public—are influenced by their peers when making investment decisions. On the basis of existing literature, this study investigates the social dynamics, workplace interactions, and peer recommendations that shape women's financial behaviours. Key themes include the influence of workplace hierarchy, trust, and gendered perceptions of financial acumen. The study provides insights about financial literacy and organizational practices.
Investment, Behavioural Pattern, Working Women, Financial Literacy, Investment options, hierarchy, gender-based perception
UNDERSTANDING INVESTOR PERCEPTION TOWARDS STOCK MARKET INVESTMENT
This study investigates investor perceptions and attitudes towards stock market investments, focusing on urban areas in Gujarat, India. The research aims to identify key factors influencing investment decisions, analyze investor behavior, and assess the impact of these perceptions on market dynamics. Utilizing a descriptive research design, data was collected through structured questionnaires from 128 respondents, including students, professionals, and business owners. The findings reveal significant demographic and psychological factors affecting investor behavior, emphasizing the roles of market trends, economic indicators, media influence, psychological biases, technological advancements, and regulatory changes. The study provides valuable insights for individual and institutional investors, policymakers, and financial advisors to better understand and address investor needs and behaviors.
Stock market, Investors, Behaviour, Avenues, Perception
A STUDY ON INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS MUTUAL FUND IN GANDHINAGAR SECTOR – I
Mutual funds are professionally managed investment instruments that pool resources from various investors and allocate them across asset classes such as equities, bonds, and money markets. They offer key advantages, including diversification, expert management, and liquidity, making them an accessible choice for investors with limited financial expertise. Factors such as risk tolerance, financial knowledge, and psychological biases—like loss aversion play a significant role in shaping investor behaviour, often challenging the rationality assumed in traditional financial theories. While mutual funds have experienced substantial growth due to increased awareness, technological advancements, and shifting economic conditions, there is a lack of understanding of the behavioural and socio-cultural influences that impact investment decisions. By exploring these underexamined areas, the study aims to provide actionable strategies to promote mutual fund adoption and enhance investment practices in an evolving financial landscape.
Awareness, Behaviour, Diversification, Equities, Growth, Investment, Mutual Funds, Risk, Technology
UNDERSTANDING THE BRAND VISIBILITY OF PROCTOR & GAMBLE: RETAILER'S PERSPECTIVE
This study investigates the brand visibility of Procter & Gamble (P&G) in small-scale business-to-business (B2B) channels, focusing on retailers in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the research examines how retailers perceive and manage the visibility of P&G products in their stores. A sample of 50 respondents was selected through judgmental sampling, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the brand's visibility. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire, complemented by secondary data from research papers and websites. The findings reveal that brand visibility plays a crucial role in shaping the perception of P&G among retailers, with a significant majority benefiting from its products. The study highlights the importance of sustainability, authenticity, and digital marketing in enhancing brand visibility, thereby contributing to the overall strength of P&G’s market presence. The results suggest that effective visibility strategies are essential for strengthening the brand's image and driving business growth in small retail channels.
IMPACT OF PRODUCT VISIBILITY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF P&G PRODUCTS IN AHMEDABAD
This study examines how product visibility influences consumer buying behavior, focusing on Procter & Gamble (P&G) products in Ahmedabad. Using survey data from 117 respondents, the research explores factors such as visibility, brand trust, and price in shaping purchase decisions. Results highlight the critical role of in-store visibility, with implications for marketing strategies in competitive FMCG markets. Findings indicate that visibility significantly influences purchasing decisions, particularly in physical retail environments, and highlight areas for improvement in advertising and digital engagement strategies.